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Thursday, January 17, 2013

Tourism

Intangible cultural heritage heart of tourism         
 
By DOREEN NAWA
THE contrast between work and play is expressed to children in a nursery rhyme, ‘All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy’.
No wonder why many people grow with the notion that any person has to take leave or a break from their usual work and have fun.
Following the health experts’ advice that people who cannot find time for recreation are obliged sooner or later to find time for illness, most people have taken it upon themselves to go on vacation and visit other countries and places.
Such has resulted in an industry called Tourism. Tourism can be defined as travel for predominantly recreational or leisure purposes or the provision of services to support this leisure travel.
It is undoubted that tourists mainly visit certain countries to sample what these countries offer in terms of cultural heritage.
The global wealth of traditions has become one of the principal motivations for travel, with tourists seeking to engage with new cultures and experience the global variety of performing arts, handcrafts, rituals, cuisines, and interpretations of nature and the universe.
And this calls for safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage in order to attract more tourists and in turn that will mean more revenue being collected in terms of accommodation and other fees charged for certain services.
Intangible cultural heritage heart of tourismAccording to National Heritage Conservation Commission (NHCC) public relations manager Isaac Kanguya, sporadic travels by the nomads in the earlier days have now turned into world’s most flourishing industry, namely Tourism.
The National Heritage Conservation Commission is a department under the Ministry of Chiefs and Traditional Affairs.
“Tourism is the sum of phenomena and relationships arising from the travel and stay of non-residents, in so far as they do not lead to permanent residence and are not connected with any earning activity. Tourism is an industry without smoke or emissions; it is an education without classroom, it is an integration without legislation and diplomacy without formality,” says Mr Kanguya.
Fostering the responsible use and safeguarding of this living heritage for tourism purposes can generate employment, alleviate poverty, curb rural flight migration, and nurture a sense of pride among communities.
Tourism offers a powerful incentive for preserving and enhancing intangible cultural heritage, since the revenue it generates can be channelled back into initiatives to aid its long-term survival.
Intangible cultural heritage must be thoughtfully managed if it is to flourish in an increasingly globalised world. Only true partnerships between communities and the tourism and heritage sectors, built on a genuine appreciation for the aspirations and values of all parties, can ensure its survival.
Mr Kanguya says the cultural interaction spurred by such encounters prompts dialogue, builds understanding, and, in turn, fosters tolerance, peace and national development.
“Intangible cultural heritage is a very vital component in tourism and it is the major reason why people travel to other countries. Look at Southern Africa, we have people from Zimbabwe coming to Zambia, not only to see the Victoria Falls because they, too, have it, but to see the way of life of the Zambian people and that in all is our cultural heritage,” says Mr Kanguya.
Dictionary definition of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) says that it is the legacy of physical artifacts or cultural property and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present and bestowed for the benefit of future generations.
Furthermore, cultural heritage includes tangible culture such as buildings, monuments, landscapes, books, works of art, and artifacts, intangible culture such as folklore, traditions, language, and knowledge, and natural heritage, including culturally significant landscapes, and biodiversity.
And Paramount Chief Mpezeni of the Ngoni people notes that culture is a resource for economic and social development.
“When poor communities like those in rural area, preserve and develop their cultural assets, they are also generating new economic opportunities. It is possible for communities to generate income from cultural heritage and this creates employment, promotes tourism, stimulates micro enterprise development, fosters private investment and can reduce poverty,” His royal highness explains.
Paramount Chief Mpezeni says cultural heritage tourism is a fast-growing segment of the tourism industry, creating and sustaining jobs, including providing opportunities for marginalised groups in rural communities.
“It also strengthens social networks and cohesion as groups come together for a collective purpose. For example in Eastern Province, the Ngonis are known for their leopard-skin dress. This cultural heritage has enabled them form association and market their products. When you go to Lusaka or Livingstone, you will find an association of the Ngonis of Eastern Province and that is their intangible cultural heritage, just their dress tells a lot,” says the chief.
Countries value their cultural heritage; for some cultural assets constitute a major part of their national resource base while others emphasise the income- generating potential of the community cultural enterprises.
The appreciation and safeguarding of people’s own culture and heritage have important impacts on social development.
Investment in the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage can increase the awareness of a community’s own identity, boost confidence and can be a factor in social mobilisation and empowerment.
Appreciation of intangible cultural heritage may promote the inclusion and complement capacity building; sense of local ownership and economic incentives also encourage good governance practice.
Zambia is characterised by a rich and diversified heritage and a wealth of cultural expressions.
This culture plays a central role in the lives of its people this is evidenced during traditional ceremonies held in different parts of the country every year.
During these events, paintings and handcrafts are by different people displaying the rich cultural heritage of the specific ethnic group.
Culture also plays an important role in the collective memory of the people. It is a fundamental element of Zambia’s social cohesion; such as at the time of traditional ceremonies, a genuine moment of joy, music, dance, celebration, costumes and fantastic masks, reflecting the country’s rich and colourful handicrafts.
 
Published on Friday, 18 January 2013 05:44

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